Corporate Securities Transactions on the Stock Exchange: a Comparative Analysis of Hungarian and International Companies
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.58423/2786-6742/2025-11-409-428Keywords:
securities, investment, financial indicators, stock price analysis, technical analysis, risk management, portfolio diversificationAbstract
Without monitoring financial knowledge and even the most basic economic conditions, it has become almost impossible to navigate current events in today’s globalized world. Stock prices, corporate movements, investment trends, and macroeconomic indicators are no longer the concern of only a narrow circle of financial experts - they are increasingly becoming part of everyday life for ordinary people. Financial awareness has grown into such a general body of knowledge that without it, making responsible decisions is difficult both on an individual and corporate level. Understanding the functioning of the stock exchange and the background of investment decisions is no longer a privilege reserved for higher education students or professionals - it is valuable knowledge for anyone who wishes to make conscious financial decisions. The world of stock market investments is complex but learnable; with adequate knowledge, it can effectively support economic development, stability, and the conscious shaping of one's financial future. This study consists of three main sections. (1) The first part reviews the theoretical foundations of the stock exchange's operation, including historical development, the types of securities, and the mechanisms of trading. (2) The second part includes practical analyses of the securities of six different companies, focusing particularly on the evaluation of financial indicators and the analysis of stock price trends. (3) The third part formulates concrete investment proposals, connecting theoretical knowledge with practical application, tailored to different investor profiles. The methodology of the study includes the analysis of secondary data, evaluation of corporate financial statements, and the application of both technical and fundamental analysis methods. The research places special emphasis on comparing Hungarian and international market conditions and assessing the performance of various sectors.
References
1. Apple. (2025). Investor Relations. https://investor.apple.com/investor-relations/default.aspx
2. Budapest Stock Exchange. (2025). OTP Bank Nyrt. https://bet.hu/site/Magyar/tartalmak [in Hungarian]
3. Financial Visualizations. (2025). TSLA. https://finviz.com/quote.ashx?t=TSLA&p=d&r=y1Investing.com
4. Investing.com. (2025). Tesla (TSLA) Stock Chart. https://www.investing.com/equities/tesla-motors-chart
5. Molgroup. (2025). Mol Shares. https://molgroup.info/hu/befektetoi-kapcsolatok/a-mol-reszveny [in Hungarian]
6. Netflix Investors. (2025). Quarterly Earnings. https://ir.netflix.net/financials/quarterly-earnings/default.aspx
7. Richter Gedeon. (2025). Investors. https://www.gedeonrichter.com/hu-hu/befektetok [in Hungarian]
8. Tesla. (2025). Investor Relations. https://ir.tesla.com/#quarterly-disclosure
9. Yahoo Finance. (2025). Key Statistics. https://finance.yahoo.com/markets/
10. Bélyácz, I. (2007). Fundamentals of corporate finance: net present value: risk-return: portfolio. Aula Kiadó [in Hungarian]
11. Damodaran, A. (2021). Investment valuation: Tools and techniques for determining the value of any asset. John Wiley & Sons, 949. https://suhaconsulting.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/investment-valuation-3rd-edition.pdf
12. Várkonyi, P. L. (2025). Overvalued or undervalued? An analysis of Hungarian listed companies based on European benchmarks and the reverse discounted cash flow model. STATISZTIKAI SZEMLE, 103(9), 853-873. https://doi.org/10.20311/stat2025.09.hu0853 [in Hungarian]
13. Yan, X., & Zheng, L. (2017). Fundamental analysis and the cross-section of stock returns: A data-mining approach. The Review of Financial Studies, 30(4), 1382-1423. https://doi.org/10.1093/rfs/hhx001
14. Nazário, R. T. F., e Silva, J. L., Sobreiro, V. A., & Kimura, H. (2017). A literature review of technical analysis on stock markets. The Quarterly Review of Economics and Finance, 66, 115-126. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.qref.2017.01.014
15. Baker, S. R., Bloom, N., Davis, S. J., Kost, K., Sammon, M., & Viratyosin, T. (2020). The unprecedented stock market reaction to COVID-19. The review of asset pricing studies, 10(4), 742-758. https://doi.org/10.1093/rapstu/raaa008
16. Ashraf, B. N. (2020). Stock markets’ reaction to COVID-19: Cases or fatalities? Research in international business and finance, 54, 101249. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ribaf.2020.101249
17. Bouri, E., Demirer, R., Gupta, R., & Nel, J. (2021). COVID-19 pandemic and investor herding in international stock markets. Risks, 9(9),168. https://doi.org/10.3390/risks9090168 ű
18. Leone, M., Manelli, A., & Pace, R. (2025). The Russia–Ukraine conflict and stock markets: Risk and spillovers. Risks, 13(7),130. https://doi.org/10.3390/risks13070130
19. Lyzhnyk, Yu. B., & Fedotova, T. A. (2024). Peculiarities of the application of technical and fundamental analysis of securities of ukrainian issuers. Trade and Market of Ukraine, (2(52). https://doi.org/10.33274/2079-4762-2022-52-2-58-66 [in Ukrainian]
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Gabor Pataki, Martyna Kallai
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons CC BY-NC License.
