Development of the Digital Asset Accounting Concept in the Modern Economic Environment
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.58423/2786-6742/2026-12-222-233Keywords:
digital assets, accounting, blockchain, valuation, financial reporting, digital economyAbstract
The article examines the evolution of the accounting concept for digital assets in the context of global digital transformation. In modern economic conditions, the emergence of cryptocurrencies, tokens, NFTs, and other digital forms of value requires a rethinking of traditional accounting principles, which were originally designed for tangible resources. The growing role of blockchain-based financial instruments and decentralized technologies highlights the need for a conceptual model of accounting that ensures transparency, comparability, and reliability of financial information.
Purpose. The purpose of the study is to develop a conceptual framework for the accounting of digital assets that integrates their economic and technological nature, satisfies the information needs of stakeholders, and aligns with international accounting practices.
The article proposes a comprehensive four-block model for digital asset accounting that includes identification, valuation, analytical, and reporting components. The identification block determines the legal and economic nature of digital assets, their classification (cryptocurrencies, tokens, NFTs, digital rights), and control criteria. The valuation block focuses on determining fair value considering high volatility and the absence of stable markets. The analytical block ensures systematization of data for management decisions through blockchain-based analytical tools and smart contracts. The reporting block integrates this information into financial statements, ensuring transparency and compliance with accounting standards. The proposed model supports the harmonization of accounting procedures and introduces the principle of technological authenticity, which connects the asset’s economic essence with its digital environment.
The study substantiates that the evolution of digital asset accounting represents a transition from a resource-financial model of accounting to an information-digital paradigm, where data become a strategic asset. Implementation of blockchain and smart contracts in accounting systems enhances automation, trust, and auditability of financial information. Further research should focus on the development of methodological guidelines and regulatory instruments that address the volatility, technological dynamics, and risk factors associated with digital assets.
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