Improvement of the Accounting Methodology for Bank Credit Operations in the Context of Digital Transformation

Abstract

The contemporary banking sector is undergoing intensive digital transformation, which is reshaping traditional approaches to the organisation of accounting processes and increasing the requirements for the timeliness and transparency of financial information. This influence is particularly evident in the area of credit operations, which constitute the core of a bank’s active operations. Under such conditions, the need to shift from fragmented accounting procedures to integrated digital models becomes increasingly urgent, as these models are capable of ensuring high-quality data integration, automated generation of accounting records, and compliance with international financial reporting standards. The article examines the methodology of accounting for banks’ credit operations in the context of the growing demands associated with the digital transformation of the financial sector. The purpose of the study is defined as the development of a process-oriented approach to modernising the methodology for accounting for credit operations through the creation of a “digital credit accounting map” as an integrated digital tool. The subject of the research encompasses accounting procedures, information flows, and algorithms for the representation of credit operations within banking information systems. The research employs content analysis of academic sources, structural and logical generalisation, and process modelling of credit operations.

The article substantiates that the digital transformation of the accounting environment necessitates a transition from fragmented transaction-recording procedures to comprehensive digital models capable of integrating accounting, risk management, and reporting within a unified information environment. As a result of the study, a model of a digital credit accounting map has been developed. This model ensures the structured storage of data on all credit parameters (identification, financial, risk-related, operational, etc.) and enables automated generation of accounting entries, calculation of expected credit loss provisions in accordance with IFRS 9, and the production of financial and regulatory reporting in real time. The implementation of a digital credit accounting map makes it possible to improve the quality of credit portfolio accounting, minimize operational risks, ensure data integration within the banking system, and create the foundations for an adaptive, automated, and process-oriented accounting model. It is demonstrated that the use of the digital map eliminates data duplication across banking system modules, enhances the accuracy and timeliness of accounting information, and contributes to strengthening internal control and the transparency of credit operations. The proposed model for constructing a digital credit accounting map may be applied in the design of banking information systems, the transformation of accounting-related business processes, and the implementation of IFRS and National Bank of Ukraine requirements.